How to "Cut the Fluff" and Speed Through SC

Goals:

1) Minimize time spent reading SC questions

2) Reduce complex SC questions to super simple ones

3) Spot subject-verb issues & structure more easily - and in less time

Prepositional and descriptive phrases are NOT core to the main sentence.
They can be eliminated when reading to simplify and better understand the sentence.
How do we know spot phrases that we can cut out when we read them?

Look for descriptive phrases in between 2 commas.

Look for prepositional phrases.

Examples of Fluff:

on the ferry
one of the largest libraries in the world
,known by many to be quite popular,
, and particularly of red wine,"

Example 1: Official Guide 13 SC#44

Its easiest to spot the fluff in split sentences Framework #4. Split sentences occur when you see two commas and the phrase in between is the descriptive phrase the fluff. The main part of the sentence is the text on the left and right not the middle.

How to read the sentence above:

The plot of The Bostonians centers on the rivalry between Olive Chancellor,an active feminist, with her charming and cynical cousin, Basil Ransom, when they
becomes:
The plot centers on the rivalry between Olive Chancellor with her cousin when they

Notice we have multiple FLUFFs:

1) of The Bostonians describing plot
2) an activist feminist describing Olive Chancellor
3) charming and cynical describing cousin
4) Basil Ransom describing cynical cousin.

Lets read the sentence without fluff:

The plot of The Bostonians centers on the rivalry between Olive Chancellor with her charming and cynical cousin when they...

Spot the error: rivalry between A with B

The idiomatic expression should be rivalry between A AND B not WITH

So by cutting the fluff we made it a lot easier for us to spot this error and we were able to do it faster than we would otherwise.

Simplified phrase we are looking for:

The plot centers on the rivalry between A and B

So now we try to look through the available answer choices to find ones that use the word between followed by and it turns out only answer choice (C) uses this construction.
(C) rivalry that develops between Olive Chancellor, an active feminist, and Basil Ransom, her charming and cynical cousin,

Once we cut the fluff and keep only the most important parts of the sentence, we get:

The plot centers on the rivalry that develops between A and B when they --Looks good!

Now compare this simplified phrase with the new, complete sentence with the additional fluff:

Correct Full Sentence:

The plot of The Bostonians centers on the rivalry that develops between Olive Chancellor, an active feminist, and her charming and cynical cousin, Basil Ransom, when they find themselves drawn to the same radiant young woman whose talent for public speaking has won her an ardent following.

Correct Full Sentence cutting the fluff

The plot of The Bostonians centers on the rivalry that develops between Olive Chancellor, an active feminist, and her charming and cynical cousin, Basil Ransom, when they find themselves drawn to the same radiant young woman whose talent for public speaking has won her an ardent following.

Correct Sentence without the fluff

The plot centers on the rivalry that develops between Olive Chancellor and her cousin when they find themselves drawn to the same woman

Notice weve reduced a very long, complicated sentence with lots of commas down to a much more manageable sentence that makes it a lot easier to spot mistakes. In this case, cutting the fluff made it easier to spot the incorrect structure between X with Y and from there we found answer choice (C) with the correct structure between X and Y.

Review of Example 1

1)We started with a long sentence with multiple commas.
2) We cut the fluff, spotted the idiomatic error: between X with Y should be between X and Y
3) We found answer choice (C) which uses between X and Y
We re-read the full sentence cutting the fluff and quickly concluded that answer choice (C) does in fact make sense and is the correct answer.

Example 2:Official Guide 13 SC#132

Read it as:

Although appearing [x], heirloom tomatoes, grown from [Y] they are

Does that make sense?

No. Heirloom tomatoesthey are does not make sense. So you know something is wrong with the structure of the sentence.

At this point you know answer choice (A) is no good.

What about the other answer choices?

(A) Although appearing less appetizing than most of their round and red supermarket cousins, heirloom tomatoes, grown from seeds saved during the previous year
(B) Although heirloom tomatoes, grown from seeds saved during the previous year, appear less appetizing than most of their round and red supermarket cousins
(C) Although they appear less appetizing than most of their round and red supermarket cousins, heirloom tomatoes, grown from seeds saved during the previous year

So at this point, you should quickly read through (B) and (C). But they both have so many words if you read every single word, its going to eat up a LOT of time. The goal here is to quickly read through each answer choice and have enough confidence early on to know when to keep reading and when to stop reading and move on.

So how do we look at answer choice (B)?

(B): Although heirloom tomatoes, grown from seed saved during the previous year, appear less appetizing than most of their round and red supermarket cousins

becomes:

(B): Although heirloom tomatoes, grown from [x], appear less appetizing than [y]they are

From this, we can quickly see that the verb appear matches with the plural heirloom tomatoes and there is no grammar issue as there is in (A).

We also see the subject as heirloom tomatoes which matches with the they are phrase after the underlined portion of the sentence. This was not the case in (A).

(B): Although heirloom tomatoes..appear less appetizing, they are --Looks good!

For kicks, we can check (C).

(C): Although they appear less appetizing than most of their round and red supermarket cousins, heirloom tomatoes, grown from seeds saved during the previous yearthey are
becomes:

(C): Although they appear [x], heirloom tomatoesthey are

You cannot have the phrase heirloom tomatoesthey are.. so that makes (C) no good.
Notice in (B) the structure was: Although heirloom tomatoes appear [x]they are..
This is the way to make the structure work with the non-underlined portion they are at the end.

Review of Example 2

So by cutting the fluff you can more quickly read sentences by not reading the non-important phrases, and focusing on the core skeleton of the sentence. In this case, it allowed us to spot awkward phrases quicker and to arrive at answer (B) as the final answer.

1) We started with a long sentence
We cut the fluff and found that the core phrase did not make sense: Although appearing [x], heirloom tomatoes, grown from [Y] they are
2) We eliminated (A) and quickly looked at (B) and (C).
3) (C) had the same problem as (A) but (B) looked good.
4) We didnt go through (D) and (E) but if you cut the fluff there, you could quickly see problems with thoseleaving just (B) as the answer.

Example 3: Official Guide 13 SC#123

Heres an example of of a long sentence in which most of it is underlined. It may look intimidating since when most of the sentence is underlined it opens the doors for a lot more possibilities and longer answer choices, which eat up time. But if we cut the fluff it can make these intimidating sentences seem more manageable.

Read as:

Sales of wines declined in [X], but they (the wines) began to grow again after the report that linked [A] with [B]."

Looks a lot more manageable, right?

By cutting the fluff, it was slightly more easier to spot that they properly referenced the plural sales

We also cut out the descriptive phrase in between the 2 commas: and particularly of red wine as this is not part of the core skeleton of the sentence.

We spotted the keyword THAT indicating that what follows simply gives more details as to what kind of REPORT we are talking about.

The sentence works fine even up until that point:

Sales declined, but they began to grow again after the report. looks fine.

What kind of report?

the report that linked [moderate consumption of alcohol] with [a reduced risk of heart disease.
the report that linked [A] with [B].

So we can easily see the structure after cutting the fluff and we know there is nothing wrong with the sentence.

At this point, there is no need to even look at the answer choices (B), (C), (D), and (E) because we are confident (A) is correct. This saves us a lot of valuable time on the GMAT time that can be better spent on the more intensive Critical Reasoning and Reading Comprehension sections.

Review of Example 3

1) We saw a relatively long sentence in which most of it was underlined. Instead of being scared of reading all the long answer choices and considering the various possibilities, we resort to cutting the fluff.
2) We cut in the late 1980s and boiled the first few words to Sales declined, but they began to grow..
3) We saw that they matched with the plural sales
4) We cut the descriptive phrase in between the 2 commas and particularly of red wine and spotted the structure linked [A] with [b]
5) We re-read the sentence as:
Sales declined, but they began to grow after the report that linked [A] with [B].
--Everything seems fine so we didnt even bother wasting time with the other answer choices. We simply marked (A) as our final answer and moved on.

Conclusion

1) So when you see long sentences with lots of commas dont be intimidated!
2) Spot the commas. Spot the descriptive phrases and prepositional phrases.
3) Read the sentence without all the FLUFF and see if it still makes sense.
4) See if the structure and meaning work out if not, then go through the answer choices and the cut the fluff again so you can see the core structure of each answer choice.

Cutting the fluff is a skill that takes a little practice. But once you have it down, it makes solving SC questions sooo much easier.
In SC Pill, we show you exactly how to cut the fluff in 100+ examples using video - so if youre not sure of how to do it, go check it out!

For more OG SC Questions see: http://www.gmatpill.com/official-guide-gmat/